I know why the caged bird sings :: essays research papers

Maya Angelous I Know Why Caged Bird Sings illustrates how an innocent and naive girl growing up in the midst of the wide Depression overcomes lifes many obstacles and becomes the powerful and influential woman she is today. Maya is a world renowned author, teacher, speaker, actress, and mother. Through this autobiographical piece, Mayas use of figurative language and allusion compounds her thoughts, as she depicts how mavin can supersede the expected barriers and soar to new heights.. In chapters 14 and 15 of the book, Mayas usage of figurative language conveys her struggle to speak. Through a sad rape by her mothers boyfriend, Maya is scared for life and is led to believe that the very sound of her voice is lethal, consequently, she conceives a six year silence that, not acute then, could limit her opportunities and convert her fate. After returning from St. Louis and entering Stamps, Maya entered her six year "cocoon." This haven extricated her metamorphic spurt into r eality and womanhood. As with every cocoon, there is forever a time when one must leave and bravely enter the unknown world behind the shell. Mrs. Flowers encouraged Maya to emerge and assisted her in decision her strongest defense and force, her love of literature, to open this barrier and allow Maya to end the silence. By doing this, it enhanced Mayas courage and willingness to conquer other barriers and fortresses. Mayas love of literature expanded and unfastened her horizons. One of Mayas favorite pieces of literature is The Tale of Two Cities. She enjoyed it because it was a tale of her life, although in different cities, now being St. Louis and Stamps, it seemed as if she was reading her own autobiography, which is, in fact, rather portentous and foreshadowing. With the first line of the book being, "it was the best of quantify and the worst of times...", it paints a portrait of Mayas childhood. Maya, even though she struggled through adolescence, was the best times of her life. It was her learning period. It was her no turning back period. She felt as if, even though the outer exterior of the environment was corrupt, why must her life be? It didnt have to be. Maya emerged into being a "dirty and inedible biscuit." Maya is becoming a very strong and independent woman. Most biscuits, when old, are moldy and have a very hard outer covering with a soft

Elias Chocours Blood Brothers Essays -- Chocour Blood Brothers Essays

Elias Chocours product line Brothers Elias Chocours novel, Blood Brothers, represents his point of view on the contemporary Palestinian position regarding the holy land of Israel. The book traces the transformation of Chocours life, from a Melkite Christian Palestinian boy into a powerful spiritual leader and innovative agent in facilitating better race dealing in the kingdom. He shows how Palestinian admits were left out during the formation of the State of Israel, and how their plight is highly misunderstood, and often grossly distorted because of ignorance. Chocours depiction of the paradox confront non-Jews is highly illuminating, and Blood Brothers will dispel many illusions and fallacies that cloud the facts surrounding the status of Israels inhabitants. The book begins before the creation of Israel, when race relations were less(prenominal) strained than they are now. Chocour says he loved the area in which he lived because it was his home. Our lives were so roote d to the land (that) the stones even found their way into our run away (26). Palestinians and Jews were gracious and neighborly towards each other. Their lives were bound together because they inhabited and shared the land (32). Chocour developed his humanitarian views that would later lead him to greatness during this time of racial peace. He had beautiful dreams for Palestinian and Jewish children (living) together (ix). The creation of the State of Israel drastically changed the equality in the region, and these times were soon be forgotten. Israel was created as a seaport for persecuted Jew as a result of the Holocaust, however, it was soon run by the military. The new Israel seemed to be a nation where the military ruled ignoring the will of the countr... ...r cadaver firm to the memory of his peaceful childhood when Jews and Palestinians lived together in peace, and the prospect of a better future. Despite the political wrongs his people have suffered, he is soaring of his inheritance and intends to restore race relations between Jews and Palestinians, (by restoring) human dignity (146). To do this, Chocour implements innovative techniques he has Palestinians visit the Kibbutzim, and has Jews spend time with Palestinian families. Chocours heart is quite honorable, to change hearts not institutions (222). Chocour remembers that Jews and Palestinians are brothers, the(y) have the same father, Abraham, and believe in the same God (34). It is sad that peoples in this region need to be remnded that they are brothers, but it is comforting that there are men like Chocour, who valiantly assume this task as their own. Elias Chocours Blood Brothers Essays -- Chocour Blood Brothers EssaysElias Chocours Blood Brothers Elias Chocours novel, Blood Brothers, represents his point of view on the contemporary Palestinian position regarding the holy land of Israel. The book traces the transformation of Chocours life, from a Melkite Christian P alestinian boy into a powerful spiritual leader and innovative agent in facilitating better race relations in the region. He shows how Palestinian needs were left out during the formation of the State of Israel, and how their plight is highly misunderstood, and often grossly distorted because of ignorance. Chocours depiction of the problem facing non-Jews is highly illuminating, and Blood Brothers will dispel many illusions and fallacies that cloud the facts surrounding the status of Israels inhabitants. The book begins before the creation of Israel, when race relations were less strained than they are now. Chocour says he loved the area in which he lived because it was his home. Our lives were so rooted to the land (that) the stones even found their way into our play (26). Palestinians and Jews were friendly and neighborly towards each other. Their lives were bound together because they inhabited and shared the land (32). Chocour developed his humanitarian views that would late r lead him to greatness during this time of racial peace. He had beautiful dreams for Palestinian and Jewish children (living) together (ix). The creation of the State of Israel drastically changed the equality in the region, and these times were soon be forgotten. Israel was created as a haven for persecuted Jew as a result of the Holocaust, however, it was soon run by the military. The new Israel seemed to be a nation where the military ruled ignoring the will of the countr... ...r remains faithful to the memory of his peaceful childhood when Jews and Palestinians lived together in peace, and the prospect of a better future. Despite the political wrongs his people have suffered, he is proud of his heritage and intends to restore race relations between Jews and Palestinians, (by restoring) human dignity (146). To do this, Chocour implements innovative techniques he has Palestinians visit the Kibbutzim, and has Jews spend time with Palestinian families. Chocours message is quit e honorable, to change hearts not institutions (222). Chocour remembers that Jews and Palestinians are brothers, the(y) have the same father, Abraham, and believe in the same God (34). It is sad that peoples in this region need to be remnded that they are brothers, but it is comforting that there are men like Chocour, who valiantly assume this task as their own.

Sleeping Arrangements :: Essays Papers

Sleeping Arrangements The autobiography I read was Sleeping Arrangements, the childhood memoirs of Laura (Lily) Shaine Cunningham. I chose this person simply because I had never heard of her before. Everybody was doing a take on celebrities, and at first I wanted to do Audrey Hepburn. I love her films I have even already read a biography on her. But many other people were doing their biographies on her, and I realized that if I could find a book by a person who has led a typical childhood I would be different. By finding a book by a person I had never heard of I thought that I would find a normal life, but this book showed me that there isnt a normal or typical childhood for anyone.Lily, as she is referred to throughout the book, is not famous. Lily was born the daughter of Larry Moore, though she isnt sure of the spelling, and Rosie Shaine. Until she was three Lily and Rosie wandered from relative to relative, quiescency under dining room tables or where ever there w as room for them. Then they rented an apartment in the Jewish section of the Bronx. Lily made two friends there, Diana and Susan, and they had grotesque unsupervised fun roaming about the parks and abandoned buildings. When Lily was 6 her mother became very ill and her Uncle Gabe comes to live with them. A couple weeks later Rosie dies in the hospital and Lilys other uncle, Len, comes to help Gabe. They move to a bigger apartment in the same building, and let Lily decorate it. The walls are painted orange and innocence stripes in two rooms pink and white stripes for another room, and for the living room a gold lam convertible sofa. lastly the unkies mother moves in too, and then their family is complete. Over the years Lily learns about love, life, and death, although not all of it is accurate. Lily has gone on to write many books, plays, and her most famous work, A Place In The Country.The part of this book that really interested me the most was the first one and a half chapters. Hes fighting in the war. (Pg 1) This is what Lily told people when they asked where her father was.

Why People Gamble Essays -- Gambling Addiction Money Essays

Why People findFor centuries, people take indulged in different types of gambling poker, horse races, bingo, draftsmanship, and slot machines. Gambling has seduced each and almost everyone in the midst of the eras of sixteen and ninety historic period old. Before turning eighteen, the legal age of casino and horse race admittance, those younger make pecuniary bets on football and high school stunts. Gambling is even more prevalent today than it was yesterday with the added attraction of on-line casinos, offering jackpot equal to twenty years salary in exchange for a credit card / debit card number. Gambling was suppressed in the 1920s as a result of parapet and because of this will forever lure people into its taboo trap. Gambling as sport is hard to resist because it offers immediate gratification. Not just now is there a chance that you may quadruple the amount of money that you lay down, a literal payoff, but there is also a ghost of hope, an alternate obliviousness be tween reality and fantasy that can be translated into a sort of mental payoff. The question is is it all more or less the money? It couldnt be all about the money, unless the general public was extremely stupid. The odds of winning the lottery are lesser than the odds of someone being struck by lightning (1 in 649,739) or than someone being killed by a terrorist attack abroad (1 in 650,000). (7). It has been said, If you bought 100 tickets a week your entire adult life, from the age of 18 to 75, youd have a 1 percent chance of winning the lottery. (7) Now, a number of psychological studies have been done which indicate that the confide to play the lottery has more to do with the inability or unconcern of a person to calculate the total sum of their own money everywhere time exhausted of th... ...ody responds well to their desire to gamble, to diversify, to extend their minds and risk. Whether it be monetary, behavioral or just plain desire to risk, humans are drawn towards the sore and the chancy. It is the danger of expiry and the thrill of life that keeps us breathing.Works Consulted1)Alvarez,A. The Biggest Game in Town. New York Chronicle Books, 2002.2)Brunson,Doyle. Doyle Brunsons Super System. Cardoza Pub, 1979.3)Dostoeyevsky,Fyodor. The Gambler. New York Viking Press, 1966. Sources Consulted4)http//www.norc.uchicago.edu/new/gamb-fin.htm5)http//www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2001/05/010524062100.htm6)http//www.sciam.com/article.cfm?articleID=0004400A-E6F5-1C5E-B882809EC588ED9F7)http//www.gnxp.com/MT2/archives/001309.html8)http//www.reflection-idea.com/psychics.html9)http//hanson.gmu.edu/gamble.html Why People Gamble Essays -- Gambling Addiction Money EssaysWhy People GambleFor centuries, people have indulged in different types of gambling poker, horse races, bingo, lottery, and slot machines. Gambling has seduced any and almost everyone between the ages of sixteen and ninety years old. Before turning eighteen, the legal age of casino and horse race admittance, those younger make monetary bets on football and high school stunts. Gambling is even more prevalent today than it was yesterday with the added attraction of on-line casinos, offering jackpot equivalent to twenty years salary in exchange for a credit card / debit card number. Gambling was suppressed in the 1920s as a result of Prohibition and because of this will forever lure people into its taboo trap. Gambling as sport is hard to resist because it offers immediate gratification. Not only is there a chance that you may quadruple the amount of money that you lay down, a literal payoff, but there is also a feeling of hope, an alternate limbo between reality and fantasy that can be translated into a sort of mental payoff. The question is is it all about the money? It couldnt be all about the money, unless the general public was extremely stupid. The odds of winning the lottery are lesser than the odds of someone being struck by lightning (1 in 649,739) or t han someone being killed by a terrorist attack abroad (1 in 650,000). (7). It has been said, If you bought 100 tickets a week your entire adult life, from the age of 18 to 75, youd have a 1 percent chance of winning the lottery. (7) Now, a number of psychological studies have been done which indicate that the desire to play the lottery has more to do with the inability or unconcern of a person to calculate the total sum of their own money over time spent of th... ...ody responds well to their desire to gamble, to diversify, to extend their minds and risk. Whether it be monetary, behavioral or just plain desire to risk, humans are drawn towards the new and the chancy. It is the danger of loss and the thrill of life that keeps us breathing.Works Consulted1)Alvarez,A. The Biggest Game in Town. New York Chronicle Books, 2002.2)Brunson,Doyle. Doyle Brunsons Super System. Cardoza Pub, 1979.3)Dostoeyevsky,Fyodor. The Gambler. New York Viking Press, 1966. Sources Consulted4)http//www.norc. uchicago.edu/new/gamb-fin.htm5)http//www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2001/05/010524062100.htm6)http//www.sciam.com/article.cfm?articleID=0004400A-E6F5-1C5E-B882809EC588ED9F7)http//www.gnxp.com/MT2/archives/001309.html8)http//www.reflection-idea.com/psychics.html9)http//hanson.gmu.edu/gamble.html

Good Bye to All that Essay -- Literary Analysis, Robert Graves

Goodbye To all that by Robert Graves. The book begins with Robert Von Ranke Graves giving you a flashback to his childhood and his way of upbringing. Robert Graves was born on July 24, 1895 in Wimbledon, England. In the earlier stages of the book he depicts his description My height is given as six feet two inches, my eyes as gray, and my hair as vague (Graves 3). Calls it his biographical convention, with that out of the way, Graves goes into a very detailed backdrop of his family on both his get down, and Fathers side of the Family. His Mother is German, and his Father is Irish. He briefly describes both sides qualities that they have, and what they have passed on to him. His Mother being very strict Christian always enforced on him the yellowish pink of life. She kept him and all of the rest of the children very innocent about the true slew of the world. She censored mostly everything. My yield brought us up to be sedate and to benefit humanity in some particularly way, but allowed us no hint of its dirtiest, intrigue and lustfulness, believing that innocence would be the surest protection against them (Graves 29). His mother told him that was destined to be if not a great man, at least a good man (Graves 29). He credits his Mothers German family a great deal in the early stages of the book. Here he states I admire my German relatives they have high principles, and are easy, generous, and serious (Graves 5). His Mother moved to England at age eighteen as a companion to Miss Britain, he describes her as lonely old woman who had befriended his grandmother as an orphan, and waited hand and foot for her seventeen years. His mother inherited 100,000 pounds for the death of Miss Britain. He adds on that My Mother charact... ...r of English Literature at the Egyptian University, Cairo. aft(prenominal) some years of working there he decides to go back to England. Troubles with Nancy start to occur at home and they frequently get into agreements. After quo ndam(prenominal) of agreement they decide to leave each other, and Nancy taking the kids along with her. This was the final straw for Robert. He finally renounces his to never call England his home again, which explains the title for the book. In conclusion, Robert was finally saying goodbye to all the things that he knew. He was becoming unrest with his life after the war. He didnt see the simplistic view that he grew up with. Goodbye to all that not only says goodbye to his birthplace, but to everything that world has become. Robert did not want to be part of the change that clubhouse was embarking, and he decides to say goodbye to England, and all that.

Marijuana Should Be Legalized Essay -- legalization of pot

One of the biggest upshots argued about all over congress, the media, and in public resides in our body politics warfare on Drugs. One of the primary focuses of the War on Drugs targets the controversial drug marijuana. Marijuana remains the most widely used banned drug and stirs up constant debate everywhere. The . Starting in the early 1900s, marijuana was labeled the drug that transformed raft into criminals while causing women to mislay all control of themselves in a state of ecstasy. multitude now see these reports were obviously wrong, but marijuana is still viewed as the drug that turns people into idiots. Growing up today, I see people smoking marijuana on an everyday basis, while still getting good grades in higher(prenominal) level education. This contradicts what is told to us in programs like DARE and of the foreland dead potheads depicted on TV. This contradiction compels me to figure out the truth about the issue of marijuana. My own observations of people high s how nothing of whats told by our country. How are chronic marijuana smokers still succeeding in life? What physiologic and psychological effects does marijuana have on us? Should criminals convicted of possession of marijuana get the harsh life ruining punishments they receive? With these thoughts in mind, I wonder if marijuana should be legalized. I searched the Internet for an word on the neurological effects of marijuana, because I think a persons card is the most important part of the body. I found a real good arti... Marijuana Should Be Legalized Essay -- legalization of potOne of the biggest issues argued about all over congress, the media, and in public resides in our countrys War on Drugs. One of the primary focuses of the War on Drugs targets the controversial drug marijuana. Marijuana remains the most widely used illegal drug and stirs up constant debate everywhere. The . Starting in the early 1900s, marijuana was labeled the drug that transformed people i nto criminals while causing women to lose all control of themselves in a state of ecstasy. People now see these reports were obviously wrong, but marijuana is still viewed as the drug that turns people into idiots. Growing up today, I see people smoking marijuana on an everyday basis, while still getting good grades in higher level education. This contradicts what is told to us in programs like DARE and of the brain dead potheads depicted on TV. This contradiction compels me to figure out the truth about the issue of marijuana. My own observations of people high show nothing of whats told by our country. How are chronic marijuana smokers still succeeding in life? What physiological and psychological effects does marijuana have on us? Should criminals convicted of possession of marijuana get the harsh life ruining punishments they receive? With these thoughts in mind, I wonder if marijuana should be legalized. I searched the Internet for an article on the neurological effects of mari juana, because I think a persons brain is the most important part of the body. I found a real good arti...

Latin History

MEXICO ECONOMYMexico is located in North America and known as fall in Mexican States. It consists of thirty-one states and a federal rule with the capital of Mexico City. It is most populous city in the Earth. The GDP is $1.149 trillion and per capital income is $11,249. the income per capita is $7.310. It is 12th largest economy in the world as measured in Gross Domestic product. The GDP real growth rate is 4.8%. The average annual GDP growth during 1972 to 1981 was 5.5% whereas during 1981-1986 it was only 1.5%. The GDPs main destiny is from services 69.4% and the industry captured 26.7%. From Agriculture it is only 3.9%. The public debt is 23.3% of GDP. Mexico is highly dependent on exports to the United States. The quarter shargon of the countrys GDP is ground on the exports to the United States. Hence the Mexican economy is strongly linked with the U.S. business.The 1994-year is Mexicos bad year. Of course it starts with acceptance of NAFTA in the year beginning with United S tates and Canada and ends with dark Christmas with peso devaluation. During the year there are many political problems like Chiapas rebellion, assignations of political leaders. There was such situation the Mexico attacked with the crisis during 1982 and it got recovered by 7 years whereas during 1994 peso devaluation, it takes for 7 months only to get recovery. During December 19, 1994, the exchange rate is 3.50 pesos per dollar. The consumer demand for goods collapsed. The Mexican interest rate on loans dramatically change magnitude creating a shock in the banking system. Some businesses closed due to increase of market share. The exports increased with high exchange rateTRADE RELATIONSHIP amidst MEXICO AND UNITED STATES90% of Mexican trade has been put under free trade agreements with over 40 countries. The North American Free Trade sympathy is significant in this regard. 9% of Mexican exports go to the United States and Canada. And imports recognized 65% from these two countr ies. The exports to Untied States are 88.4% and imports from United States are 68.4%. Mexico is dependent on trade with United States. The U.S. exports to Mexico include electronic equipment, motor vehicle parts and chemicals and in case of Mexican exports to the United States are Petroleum, cars and electronic equipment.Mexico depends more than on U.S. economy whether it may be good or bad. The NAFTA relation between U.S and Mexico completed more than 10 years. Of course, after the peso devaluation, the Mexico economy become stable, possibly the United States plays major role. Initially, there was a free trade agreement between Canada and United States called Free Trade Agreement during 1988. Thereafter it was included Mexico and odoriferous agreement is established in the name of NAFTA. It is trilateral agreement.It is an agreement among the United States, Canada and Mexico. The agreement indicates elimination of tariffs of the produced traded in the respective nations i.e. Unit ed States, Canada and Mexico. It is planned to phase let out tariffs over a period 15 years. Besides the restrictions were said to be removed from many categories, which includes motor vehicles, computers, textiles and agriculture.MEXICO POLITICALThe type of government is Federal republic. Representing political parties are Institutional Revolutionary Party, National Action Party, Party of the Democratic Revolution, Green Ecological Party, Labor party and several small parties. The politics of Mexico are dominated by the three political parties in Mexico i.e. National Action Party (PAN), Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD) and the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). The new-fangled federal presidential elections were held on July 2, 2006.President Zedillo and president Fox continued with trade liberalization and several FTAs were signed with Latin American and European countries. so Mexico became one of the most open countries in the world of trade. Most Important refor m during President Fox period is implementation of Freedom of Information laws. With this centre Mexico City and 26 states supposed to fight against corruption. Hence Mexico becomes international model by usage of FOIA laws and enforcement mechanisms.REFERENEhttps//www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mx.html http//countrystudies.us/mexico/65.htm http//web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/0,,pagePK180619theSitePK136917,00.htmlhttp//www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/35749.htm

Language and linguistic knowledge

Moroccos geographical location as a bridge betwixt Europe and Africa, and as a home for Arab, astonish, Andalusia, African and Jewish cultures, make of the country a place of considerable linguistic diversity. In this article, this diversity leave behind be approached from a personal perspective, unsparingly as a result of reading Chapter 7 Language in Society in Introduction to Language. geographically speaking, spoken all over Morocco, there be tens of dialects descendents of Arabic and Amazing languages. The Arabic dialects range from theHosannas dialect spoken In the Southern Sahara Regions, through the antithetical colloquial Arabic dialects of regions like Marshes and Fez, to the Arabic spoken in the Northern Regions close to Spain. Similarly, Amazing language gives rise to many dialects and sub dialects, specifically unflavoured In the Souses Region, Taming in the High Atlas and Tariff In the North. These regional dialects do not have definite boundaries (etiologies) amo ng them, but certainly overlap to course of study a dialect continuum. Moroccan speakers of all this disparity of dialects seem to reach a minimum of mutual intelligibility.In cases where they fail to, they resort to the modern Moroccan colloquial Arabic (Dare) as their lingua franca. Importantly these regional dialects exhibit linguistic differences on different levels. At the phonological level there Is a vowel deletion In the Hosannas dialect for verbs following pronoun You. Kilt (you have eaten) or jilt (you have come) are uttered as kilt and Jilt in other dialects of Arabic. At the Phonetic level, the Arabic speakers of the North uses q while that of the middle regions use g as in CUL (say) and gull especially.At the lexical level, Tasteless and other Amazing dialects show many disparities. Head in Tasteless is said Agway, sashays in Taming and carry in Tariff. Besides the aforementioned dialects, most Moroccan use French and therefore are bilinguals. Amazing language, altho ugh a national language declared recently, has not gained satisfactory public and political support. Code-switching Is as a result habitual from Arabic or Amazing to French. Arabic speakers and Amazing may respectively say wring la presence dialogue f terrain militarily la presence nun GHz rain (show me your presence on the ground).Extensively, Moroccan use borrowing from French or English when they speak. An Arabic speaker may say hall these Believable dalai . Behavior Is here borrowed from English and It becomes subject to the Arabic definite article I instead of the. 1 OFF lingual variation in Morocco is not defined by geography only. Although it is hard to describe social dialects in Morocco in term of social classes as indian lodge does not show clear stratification, there is presence of different speech varieties pertaining to arioso social groups.These are defined on the basis of gender, age or religion. new(a) generation, especially in urban areas appear to develop diff erent speech variations as a result of the influence of the widespread media and new telecommunication means. quarrel like shrill (threaten) or aqua (money) are to make most people frown on. Religious groups, particularly the total (Koran scholars) have developed Jargons which they are the only ones to understand. As regard gender, Moroccan women seem to use a slightly different language to men.This is due to the revealing social attitudes and cultural expectations reinforcing to a greater extent conversational decency among females than males. A woman would not generally be expected to make requests without using Allah kill (please) or ram walked (God bless you). Honestly, a word of advice is that the previous analysis of the linguistic variation in Morocco should not be considered as any reference since it is a personal reflection based on very limited individual knowledge. Nevertheless, it is an invitation for a thoroughly scientific and linguistic research which can be of a ref erence value for linguists in Morocco and beyond.

JetBlue Case Analysis Essay

External EnvironmentTo evaluate the external environment of Jet easy airways we testament use the PESTEL digest. PESTEL analysis stands for Political, Economic, kind, Technological, Environment and wakeless analysis.Political FactorsHow and to what extent the government does intervenes in the economy. Political factors butt end be tax policy, labor integrity, environmental law, trade restrictions, tariffs, and political stability. Political factors that atomic number 18 found in the JetBlue case ar Government monitors the air cables length assiduity more scrupulously as a result 60% of airline manufacturing is unionizedHeightened sense of consumer information privacyAirport s carry on/gate allocationsSecurity conside proportionalityns since 2001 attacksBankruptcyEconomic FactorsThese factors have study impact on how businesses take and make conclusivenesss. They include economic growth, interest rate, exchange rates, and inflation rates. Economic factors that ar found i n the case be 1978 air hose Deregulation subroutine created intense contest between airlines Downturn in airline travel after 9/11 2001 affected most airlines JetBlue reported 18 back-to-back quarterly realises IT Spending continued post 9/11Fuel cost spiraled, aggressive competition and increased operating costs availability of venture capital of the United StatesInterest RatesLegacy Airlines exiting bankruptcy and streamlining operations Strategic AlliancesFair Pricing is an important competitive factorJFK ExpansionSocial FactorsTrends in social factors affect the demand for a gilds products and howthe society operates. They include the cultural aspects and include health consciousness, population growth rate, maturate distribution, career attitudes and emphasis on galosh. Social factors that are found in the case are 2001 Terrorist attacks in US negatively affected airline labor Anxiety about safety at airportsTravel has become inconvenient due to safety precautions Internal Culture at JetBlue Management is hands on a great place to workTechnological FactorsThe scientific factors determine barriers to entry, minimum efficient production level and influence outsourcing decisions. They include ecological and environmental aspects, such(prenominal) as R&D activity, automation, technology incentives and the rate of technological change. Technological factors found in the case areAging fleet airing of TechnologyDigital Revolution internet does away with ticket agents but al starting times price comparison Customer service working from home reduces operations costsEnvironmental FactorsThese factors include weather, climate, and climate change. Environmental factors that are found in the case are War, Political Turmoil and Natural Disasters drive fuel prices from $30/bbl. in 03 to $60/bbl. in 05 Airport slot/gate allocationsSecurity conditions build barriers to ease of travelLegal FactorsThese factors can affect how a order operates, its costs, a nd the demand for its products. They include discrimination law, consumer law, antitrust law, employment law and health and safety law. Legal factors that are found in the case are 1978 Airline Deregulation Act eliminated government control over fares and routes Airport and FAA density regulationsSecurity laws since 9/11Porters Five ForcesIn indian lodge to understand Jet Blues external environment, Porters 5 forces are a facilitatory tool in order to military rating the play alongs competitive environment and the degree of rivalry amongst competitors at bottom the airwave effort. The competitive environment will be evaluated in terms of 4 different aspects, namely the bargaining Power of customers and suppliers, the threat of impudently entrants and new substitutes. The bargaining power of customers indoors the aviation industry is rather high as on that point are standard products and services that are less unique and can be easily imitated by competitors. Furthermore, t here are only low turn costs incurred for the buyer in general, meaning that there is usually a lower degree of customer loyalty towards one single social club and that customers can compare offers easily especially due to the option to purchase tickets online.Suppliers generally have a moderate to high bargaining power within the industry due to the limited number of suppliers which forces aviation companies to choose from the number available and accordingly to accept their prices. In fact, fuel is the second highest cost for aviation companies. There are highly depended on suppliers prices and the availability which indicates on a relatively high bargaining power of suppliers. In addition, there are high switching costs which are strongly in favor of the suppliers and sum that the company experiences an increase in operating costs when switching to an spring(a) supplier as flying another type of aircraft leads to additional costs (maintenance, training etc.).Aircrafts are vuln erable to delays due to the location of gate locations which leads to a decrease in utilization and therefore to an increase in costs. In terms of the threat of substitutes there are not a lot unsafe threats and alternatives to products within the aviation industry, therefore the threat can be rated as medium.However, private aircrafts can be seen as a substitutes within the industry. Within the expat industry there are more alternatives for substitutes such as trains, buses, cars and boats. The threats of new entrants is very low as there are certain barriers to entry such as a high amount of investments that are required and it is rather difficult to build up a reliable and trustworthy from scratch as the industry is already dominated by severalcompetitors. In conclusion it can be said that there is a medium degree of rivalry within the aviation industry due to a rather high degree of bargaining power of customers and suppliers and a rather low threats of new entrants and substi tutes within the industry. One of the remedies to avoid high bargaining power of customers would be to try to differentiate from competitors by building a unique and favorable image on the market. On the other hand companies could use the strategy of backwards integration and acquire their suppliers in order to avoid the bargaining power of suppliers. However, those investment decision are always highly dependable on the companys financial budget, priorities and goals in general.Financial AnalysisThe following graph is an evaluation of JetBlue Airways and south-west Airlines based on financial information found on the companies income statements, balance sheets, and cash flow statementsJet BlueAs you can see, JetBlue is consistently under Southwest on the ratios. JetBlues liquidity ratios have decreased over the last three geezerhood and could be considered worrisome. However, we know that the fleet is aging and the company is making investments to replace the old fleet and expan d the fleet. This is a very reasonable cause for the decrease in these ratios. JetBlues justness multiplier is higher(prenominal) than Southwest. At first, you might think this is better. However, a higher equity multiplier is not a good thing. A high equity multiplier means that a company finances a larger portion of its assets through its debt.Therefore, southwest has a better equity multiplier. While JetBlues net get ahead margin is slightly lower than Southwests, it is in line with the industry average of 3.2%. JetBlues return on equity is overly in line with the industry average of 8%. JetBlue has a high capital intensity ratio which is okay because, as an airline, they require a large amount of capital to operate. Overall, the financial ratios are lower than Southwests but they dont show any problems that dont make sense. The net profit margin, return on assets, and return on equity have all improved over the last three years. The cash coverage ratio is also improving. The finances seem to show that the company is improving and is stable.StrengthsWhen we look at the case JetBlue shows several strengths. One of the most important is customer satisfaction they satiate their customers by being a low-cost airline but at the same time offer excellent experience (theJetBlue Experience). They have new airplanes (that mention the operational costs low) with inflight entertainment systems, their customers get a drink and a snack and their employers are involved and motivated. JetBlue is an advanced(a) company, for example they were the first North-American airline company that used electronic ticketing and they introduced the first pieceless cockpits.WeaknessesWhen analyzing the company internally we also see several saplessnesses. From the case it became substantiate that the company had problems with facing mass cancellation a weak reservation system and also no luggage handling systems. The company got high debts because of the rising fuel prices, an d also because of the compensations that they gave their customers after making mistakes. Currently the baggage handling system works properly and their online reservation systems are also improved. Another weakness of JetBlue is that is centralizeses on the middle class of society, therefore they do not have many high class people that are willing to spend more.OpportunitiesThe company is also influenced by external factors, and we will first argue the opportunities for JetBlue. The case made clear that JetBlue is getting more and more interline agreements with other airline companies. Due to this fact JetBlue will have more destinations to fly to and they can also make reservations under each others names. It is therefore wise that JetBlue keeps making new interline agreements with the bigger airline companies. Another opportunity for JetBlue is technological improvements, since JetBlue is an innovative company they like to try new things out such as they did with the paperless cockpit. Also the deregulation of international air travel and loosening laws and regulations are opportunities for JetBlue. There are a lot of regulations around air travel, especially after the terroristic attacks on 9/11 and also the tax laws influence the company. Whenever these will become looser the company will have less expenditures.ThreatsWhen we evaluate the external factors that are influencing the company we also find several threats. One of the biggest threats for the airlineindustry are fuel prices, since they are the biggest costs for an airline company. Another threat for the airline industry are terroristic attacks, after 9/11 the customers got afraid of locomotion by plane. Also all the safety procedures make travelers rather want to use another way of transportation, such as the car or train. financially the high user taxes and currency changes also influence the airline industry.TOWS AnalysisAfter evaluating the SWOT analysis we can now look at the externally-foc used TOWS analysis. The TOWS analysis matches external opportunities and threats with internal strengths and weaknesses.Maxi-Maxi dodgeHow can you use your strengths to take advantage of the opportunities? If we compare the strengths and opportunities of JetBlue, some of the strategies they could implement are Focus on the technology improvements JetBlue is an innovative company and they like to try out new technologies. They can make the JetBlue experience even better than it already is. Focus on the interline agreements when JetBlue has more interline agreements with other airline companies their customers will have more choice of countries where they want to go, it will also be easier for them to make a reservation. Lower the operating costs whenever the law and regulations will be in favor of the airline industry the company can lower its operating costs and therefore also lower their prices.Maxi-Mini schemeHow can you take advantage of your strengths to avoid real and potentia l threats? The strengths that JetBlue could use to avoid real and potential threats are Focus on technological developments once more they should focus on this for example they could maybe develop new security check machines that are easier to use and also safer to avoid terroristic attacks Develop the JetBlue experience there is intense competition in the airline industry, however JetBlue should differentiate itself by improving the JetBlue experience which is already known for excellent customer service, friendly personnel, new planes, entertainment systems etc. If they improve this experience and keep focusing on being a low-budget company they will winmore customers.Mini-Maxi StrategyHow can you use your opportunities to overcome the weaknesses you are experiencing? There are several opportunities that JetBlue could use to overcome the weaknesses that they are experiencing, such as Loosening laws and regulations whenever the regulations will be looser the black eye process of t he airplanes will be easier and faster. New technology the new technology could help the company to improve the online presence. The online presence was in the case actually bad but currently they already improved this. However E-business and M-business is getting more and more popular so it is always wise for a company to keep on track with this by improving their online systems.Mini-Mini StrategyHow can you minimize your weaknesses and avoid threats? The strategies that JetBlue should use to minimize its weaknesses and threats are Improve the systems some of the weaknesses are weak baggage handling systems and online presence. Also in the case it became clear that JetBlue faced problems with mass cancellation. This could all be improved by implementing ERP systems so that it is clear what is exactly going on in the company. For online presence they should have an IT department that focusses on that. Improve safety systems there are a lot of safety procedures because of the fear o f terroristic attacks. The airplane industry should invest in have safer and easier systems to improve the safety of its travelers. Differentiate itself from other airline companies there are a lot of airline companies and this causes intense competition. However if JetBlue makes sure that they offer their product in an exclusive way the company will win customers.Balanced ScorecardIn the following we will establish a balance score card for Jet Blue by collecting and analyzing data on the companys current performance. The overall goal of the balance scorecard is to analyze the gathered data and compare it to the desired performance and strategic goals. Furthermore it is a helpful tool to align business activities to the companys current mission and vision. At large, there are 4 major sentiments that are analyzed during the balanced scorecard which are the customer, internal business, cosmos& learning, and financial perspective. In terms of the internal Business Perspective it bec omes clear that Jet Blue has one of its major core competencies in quick turnarounds. One of the main reasons for this is the paperless cockpit innovated and introduced by Jet Blue itself. In fact, the paperless cockpit ensures faster takeoffs by reducing paperwork which eventually leads to quicker turnaround rates, as well as higher aircraft utilization. Jet Blues high completion rate is another significant competence of the companys business operation (rate of 99.6 % compared to 98.3% at major airlines).Furthermore, the Jet Blue would keep operating costs low by integrating a less dear(p) plane, the A 320, which is significantly less costly than the Boeing 737. In addition, the A 320 is more fuel-efficient, requires less maintenance costs, and training costs are kept at a lower level which leads to an overall decrease in operating costs and enables the company to offer less costly tickets to the end-customer. However, Jet Blue aims at mutation its fleet expansion in 2012. The ai rline planes to purchase the A321s and A320neo. Besides, the company had to deal with major system issues in regards to the baggage-handling system, online rebooking system, the sabre airline solution applications which caused significant delays in daily operations and lead to dissatisfaction among customers. Another perspective of the balanced scorecard that needs to be analyzed is the customer perspective. The company markets its service package as the Jet Blue experience which includes the new aircraft, variety of TV channels& movies, leather seats and more leg room.Furthermore, Jet Blue adds value to its customers by offering services such as priority boarding. The company, in fact positions itself as a low-price company, but focuses strongly on customers services (the Jet Blue experience) as well. This strategy enables the company to differentiate themselves from their competitors and adds unique value to their products. However, after the operations meltdown of 2007, customers lost trust in the company. For the future, significant changes are needed to restore customers trust. In terms of the companys financial perspective it can be said that companys liquidity ratios have been decreased over the past 3 years and could be considered worrisome, however, as Jet Blue plans to replace its fleet there is a reasonable cause for the decrease. Furthermore, Jet Blues equity to debt ratio is still below the average which indicateson a lower amount of equity financed by banks and is therefore favorable.Jet Blues return on equity and net profit margin are in line with the industry average and therefore refer to stability. The net profit margin, and return on equity have all improved over the last three years which indicates on the profitability of the company. The cash coverage ratio has improved as well which refers to Jet Blues liquidity. Also the return on assets ratio has been improving and is above the industrys average (3% compared to 2.46 % in 2013) which ref ers to a preferable efficiency of the company. The finances seem to show that the company is improving and is stable. Regarding the innovation& learning Perspective it becomes obvious that Jet Blue launched several solutions and systems. The paperless cockpit, for instance, that has been explained in a paragraph above is one of the innovations that Jet Blue launched on the market. In addition, less-congested airports reduced the airlines turnaround time.Other innovations that facilitated operations and made services more customer-friendly are the tickets and mileage statements that do not require paper anymore. According to the article Jet Blue airlines getting over the blues , innovation has been everywhere. Subsequent to the operations meltdown and the financial breakdown of the company in 2007, Jet Blue attempted to initiated strategic changes within the company by significant capital reduction from 2010 to 2011, a change of the CEO, a renew in flight expansions, partnering up wi th former competitors, and selling $42.6 of common stock to the German carrier (Lufthansa). Generally, measurable key performance indicators need to be established in order to evaluate the companys performance. The financial ratios are the means within the balanced scorecard to evaluate the companys perspective. The customer perspective could be evaluated in terms of market share, customer satisfaction scores, and customer loyalty scores.The internal business perspective can be measured in turnaround rates and completion rates for instance. Number of innovations, an improvement index, or number of employee suggestions can be used to put the innovative& learning perspective into tangible terms. As a result, the company needs to restore customers trust and loyalty, improve on internal operating systems in order to regain former financial strength in the future. Especially, the reliability of the companys operating system needs to be secured in order to avoid anothermajor meltdown in t he future. Furthermore, the company needs to find adequate strategic changes in order to ensure compliance with Jet Blues current mission, suffer humanity back to air travel which is currently pursued by a low-cost strategy in combination with a strong focus on customer-services and compare current performance to desired performance, however the companys goals and targets do not become clear from the case.

Instrumental Conditioning

When one hears the term instrumental (operant) physical body they tend to immediately theorize of the Skinner-Box. Skinner conducted classic experiments where he trained rats and pigeons to press a lever in order to obtain a food pay. The experimenter would choose a desirable output to pair it with a consequence. After a training period, the animals would show the demeanour (BH, e.g. pressing the lever) even in absence of any reward, if the BH-US association had been memorized. subservient teach differs from classical teach in that it operates on the environment and refers to the modification of voluntary behavior.For the purposes of this paper I will evaluate the application of instrumental conditioning to reading how to use the toilet (potty-training). I will describe the process of potty-training, and compargon and contrast the concepts of corroboratory and negative reinforcement as they relate to potty-training. I will explain the role of reward and punishment in potty-t raining as well as explain which form of instrumental conditioning would be well-nigh(prenominal) good in potty-training. What is Instrumental Conditioning?Instrumental conditioning is a process by which humans and animals learn to behave in such a way as to obtain rewards and avoid punishments. It is also the name for the paradigm in experimental psychology by which such learning and action infusion processes atomic number 18 studied (Staddon & Cerutti, 2003). All behavior is guided by consequences. Dogs beg/perform tricks for treats politicians study poll results in order to steer the directions of their campaigns. Instrumental conditioning similarly is goal-oriented behavior. The selecting consequences that guide operant conditioning are of two kinds behavior-enhancing ( reinforcers) and behavior-suppressing (punishers).The most important factor in instrumental conditioning is the consequence of the response. Responding often seems to be under exquisite control of the reinfo rcement conditions Larger and tastier rewards provoke more vigorous response, delayed rewards weaken responding, and satiation of drive leads to a reduction in responding (Terry, 2009). This consequence takes place because of an arranged contingency (relationship) in the midst of the occurrence of the response and the delivery of the reinforcer. The response is instrumental in acquiring the reinforcer, which is the reason this type of conditioning is referred to as instrumental conditioning. The response in turn operates on the environment causing a kind of change which is why it is also known as operant conditioning. Instrumental Conditioning and Potty-TrainingThe Process of Potty-Training. Potty-trainingthe process of training a young peasant to use the toilet. Children typically begin to exhibit signs of readiness between the ages of 12 to 18 months and the process is usually fully completed by the time the child reaches 4 years old. Generally it takes longer to learn to check -out procedure dry during the night, however most children have mastered this by age 4. Cultural factors also play a role in determining the provide age of readiness for potty-training, with Ameri washstands usually beginning training later than other cultures (Paul, 2008).Potty-training is a mutual activity requiring cooperation, understanding and agreement between the child and the caregiver. The best regularitys emphasize consistency and despotic reinforcement (over punishment) in order to make it a pleasant experience for the child. Research suggests that around 18 months old is the prototype time to start training due to the childs eagerness to please his/her parents.Positive and Negative Reinforcement. Positive reinforcement refers to the presence of a response-to-reinforcer relationship. In positive reinforcement, the reinforcer is contingent on performance of the instrumental response (Terry, 2009). Each action is followed by an outcome or consequence.Negative reinforce ment involves particular behaviors being alter (increased) by the consequence of stopping or avoiding a negative condition. It is often confused with punishment, but they are very different. Negative reinforcement strengthens behavior whereas punishment weakens (decreases) behavior because a negative condition is introduced as a consequence of the behavior. For example, driving in rush hour traffic is a negative condition for most people. One day they decide to leave home a little earlier, and avoid running into the gravid traffic. They leave home at the alike(p) time the next day and again avoid heavy traffic. Their behavior of leaving home earlier is strengthened by the consequence of the avoidance of heavy traffic.Positive and Negative Reinforcement as they Relate to Potty-Training. According to Terry (2009) when teaching our children we most often tell them the rules between behaviors and consequences. In some instances the contingencies are simply left for the subject (chil d) to discover on his/her own. In potty-training, the child must discover what response is necessary to stay dry and receive a reward.Positive reinforcement is the basic practice of rewarding a child for displaying a desired behavior, such as using the potty. The most successful method is to find what your particular child likes most of all, which for the majority of children is either a treat or a toy. When your child acts as desired you use positive reinforcement by rewarding him or her with this highly preferred item as close to the behavior as possible. Add in praise and positive reinforcement has been achieved. The main reason positive reinforcement works so well for potty-training is the way in which a child learns through association.In contrast, children are not in a rush to move from diapers to using the potty on their own. New behaviors are seldom if ever, accomplished perfectly the first few times. During this time there will be mistakes. That is what learning is all abou t. When negative reinforcement is used for mistakes then the child learns that new growth experiences should be avoided at all costs, no matter what the new growth opportunity is. Negative reinforcement will seeming cause negative outcomes not only in potty training, but in the way the child grasps future experiences. The Role of Reward and Punishment in Potty-TrainingRewards. There are many different types of rewards that can be used to motivate toddlers to potty-train. What is most important is that the reward be given immediately following any successful attempt to use a potty. The best rewards are verbal praise, however some may wish to use a small treat as a reward. Positively responding to the childs accomplishment shows the child that you approve and support them. Positive attention increases the chance of the child quoteing the behavior. Rewards and verbal praise should be easy, quick, and inexpensive. Rewards should be given immediately, are not used in place of praise ( social reinforcement), used specially for potty-training and not made available any other time, given for the tasks the child can already manage. As the child is managing new skills, praise should be continued and other types of rewards gradually reduced.Punishments. Punishment should not be used if a child has an accident. few children become upset and frustrated while potty-training so it may help to use clever phrases like That silly pee pee just wouldnt front for the potty, lets see if we can catch it the next time. Caregivers should remain calm and relaxed rather than punitive when potty-training because it is supposed to be a fun and educational experience.In my own quest to potty-train my children, I have found positive reinforcement to be the most effective training method. The times I got upset and showed resentment in response to accidents only served to frighten them and discourage them from trying again. The Most Effective Form of Instrumental Conditioning in Potty-Tr ainingIn my opinion, the most effective form of instrumental conditioning in potty-training is the use of positive reinforcement so that the child learns to generalize his/her behavior across situations. Positive reinforcement gives the child the courage and confidence s/he needs to be able to use the potty not only in the home/caregiver setting, but in other places as well, thus generalizing his/her behavior. The potential strengthening effects of a reinforcer are usually confounded with its reward or bonus effects, both of which lead to improved performance (Terry, 2009). In other words, the more positive and frequent the praise (and other rewards), the more likely the child is to repeat the desired behavior. ConclusionInstrumental conditioning is dependent on people to act upon their environment and their behavior is subsequently shaped by the response their behavior solicits. Those responses that evoke an increased state of satisfaction are generally repeated as opposed to respo nses that render a person dissatisfied are likely to decrease. A vital factor in instrumental conditioning is the concept of positive and negative reinforcement. In potty-training a child, the use of positive reinforcement is the most highly effective form of motivation as it increases the likelihood of them repeating desired behavior.In closing, I have evaluated the application of instrumental conditioning to learning how to use the toilet (potty-training). I have described the process of potty-training, and compared and contrasted the concepts of positive and negative reinforcement as they relate to potty-training. I have explained the role of reward and punishment in potty-training as well as explained which form of instrumental conditioning would be most effective in potty-training.

Marketing and Refrigerators

securities industryING PROJECT BIMM(PGDM-A) GROUP MEMBERS * BHOOMIKA JOSHI * HIRAL SAVLA * PRIYANKA VARDANI * SWATI DIXIT * SHRUTI SANCHETI * SNEHA UPADHAYA * RUMPA SARKAR INDIAN icebox INDUSTRY ( commercialize ANALYSIS) Refrigerator commercialize in India Refrigerators have been manufactured in India since 1950s. Till the eighties players like Godrej , Kelvinator , Allwyn & adenine Voltas controlled almost 90% of the market. Earlier the white goods sector was categorized as a luxury goods industry and was subject to oppressive receipts & adenosine monophosphate licensing. The situation changed later the liberalization of the Indian economy in the early 1990s.The government removed all parapets and now there is no restriction on foreign investments and licences atomic itemize 18 no longer required. Post-liberalization , a number of foreign companies entered the market and many domestic players also diversified into refrigerators. BPL & VIDEOCON who already had a heading i n the consumer electronics market leveraged their strengths to enter the unchangeables sector. The refrigerator, today, quite simply is an indispensable item of everyday use. The refrigerator market has registered almost 40% growth over the last 4 years from 3. 3million units in 2004/05 to 4. million units in 2008/09. With growing disposable incomes and a low penetration level for the syndicate (34% even in urban India), the market is set to explode in the coming five years. The present scenario in India is that refrigerators have the most aspirational value after televisions. This shows that the growth rate of refrigerator is high. Today refrigerators atomic number 18 being manufactured in two basic aims which ar a) Direct Cool Refrigerator b) hoarfrost Free Refrigerator In these two designs of refrigerators, the institutionalize cool design market is much more than the expensive frost-free models.Although the growth is marginal in the direct cool models, the major factor f or its growth is the availability of low costd models. Indian refrigerator market is valued at Rs 4000 crore. Refrigerators hold only 16% of consumer durable market that is valued at around Rs. 20,000-25,000 crore in India. Its market is growing at the rate of 7-8% annually. MAJOR BRANDS OF REFRIGERATORS IN INDIA * Akai Refrigerators * Allwyn Refrigerators * BPL Refrigerators * Daewoo Refrigerators * Electrolux Refrigerators * Frigidaire Refrigerators * GE Refrigerators * Godrej Refrigerators Hitachi Refrigerators * Kelvinator Refrigerators * LG Refrigerators swirl Refrigerators * Samsung Refrigerators Sharp Refrigerators * siemens Refrigerators * Videocon Refrigerators * Voltas Refrigerators * SWOT analysis for Indian Refrigerator Industry Strengths 1. Presence of established statistical distribution networks in both urban and rural areas 2. Presence of well-known brands 3. In recent years, organized sector has increased its share in the market vis a vis the unorganized sector. Weaknesses 1. Demand is seasonal and is high during festive seasonal 2.Demand is pendant on good monsoons 3. Poor government spending on infrastructure 4. Low purchasing power of consumers Opportunities 1. In India, the penetration level of white goods is cut as compared to other developing countries. 2. Unexploited rural market 3. Rapid urbanization 4. Increase in income levels, i. e. increase in purchasing power of consumers 5. golden availability of finance Threats 1. Higher import duties on raw materials imposed in the Budget 2007-08 2. Cheap imports from Singapore, China and other Asian countries COMPETITIVE FORCES IN INDIAN REFRIGERATOR INDUSTRYThe model of pure competition implies that risk-adjusted rates of return should be constant across firms and industries. However, numerous economic studies have sustain that different industries can sustain different levels of profitability part of this difference is explained by industry structure. Refrigerators constitute the s econd largest carrefour department within the Indian consumer durables sectors in India. On the grounding of Michael Porters five forces model an industry faces the following competitive forces Diagram of Porters 5 Forces SUPPLIER actor Supplier concentration Importance of volume to supplierDifferentiation of inputs Impact of inputs on cost or differentiation Switching be of firms in the industry Presence of depute inputs Threat of forward integration Cost relative to total purchases in industry BARRIERS TO ENTRY Absolute cost advantages Proprietary learning curve gate to inputs Government policy Economies of scale Capital requirements Brand identity Switching costs Access to distribution Expected retaliation Proprietary products THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES -Switching costs -Buyer inclination to substitute -Price-performance trade-off of substitutes BUYER POWER Bargaining leverageBuyer volume Buyer information Brand identity Price sensitivity Threat of reflexive integration Pr oduct differentiation Buyer concentration vs. indusry. Substitutes usable Buyers incentives DEGREE OF RIVALRY -Exit barriers -Industry concentration -Fixed costs/Value added -Industry growth -Intermittent over talent -Product differences -Switching costs -Brand identity -Diversity of rivals -Corporate hazard Designing Competitive Strategies of Refrigerators A market with competition may typically be occupied by * MARKET LEADER- LG (29. 4%) * MARKET CHALLANGER- WHIRLPOOL (25%) * MARKET FOLLOWER- GODREJ (22%) MARKET NICHES- HAIER (5%) MARKET LEADER (LG) STRATEGIES LG trade strategy is to increase its market share. LGs new strategy aims to focus on the premium segment of the market that fetches heavy(p) margins as opposed to volumes. The company claims this will benefit its consumers, channel partners and stakeholders as it focuses on products that drive rapid growth and lead in their brand grade to create value for customers. In India for more than a decade now, LG is the market leader in consumer durables and recognized as a leading engine room innovator in the information technology.LG is the acknowledged trendsetter for the consumer durable industry in India with the fastest ever nationwide reach, latest global technology and product innovation. Indian challenges The challenges faced by LG when it entered the market in 1995 were Low brand awareness about LG in India. One of the last MNCs to enter India. (Samsung, Sony amp Panasonic entered in 1995 amp LG in 1997. ) High import duty. Competition from local players and other multinational companies in the consumer Electronics segment Price sensitiveness of Indian consumers Factors for successInnovative marketing strategies (pre-emptive defense) To make itself a known brand in this sector, LG has taken innovative marketing and promotional initiatives Launch of new technologies in the sector. It has state of art, RampD labs in Pune and Bangalore. (position defense) LG with its motive of lifes good Re gional channel strategy and wide distribution network LG has adopted the regional distribution model in India. All the distributors work directly with the company. This has resulted in quicker rotation of runs, and give penetration into the B, C, and D phratry markets.LG also follows the strategy of stock rotation, rather than dumping stocks on channel partners. LG has over 46 branch offices and another 110 area offices across the country. LG had set a target of developing 2,000 dealers in 2004, in addition to the existing 3,000 dealers all over India. LG MARKET SEGMENTATION Market segmentation can be done on the basis of * Geographic segmentation Region all metro cities and suburbs. * demographic segmentation Family size 1-2, 3-4, 5+ Gender male, female. Income 3, 00, 000Rs and above. Social set on the job(p) class, middle class and pep pill middle class. Psychographic segmentation animationstyle culture point, health oriented. * Behavioural segmentation Occasions festival s and regular occasions. Benefits quality, service. Loyalty spatial relation none, medium, strong, absolute. Readiness stage unaware, aware, interested, desirous, intending to buy. LG MARKET TARGETING * LG has targeted its market on the basis of the product that they are offering to the consumer, so they are following market specialization. * They are targeting * speeding class segment * Upper end * They are targeting to those consumer who are more concern of style product. Their product is more of upper mid class and premium segment, their target audience are those consumers, who want quality product as the best price. * LG is now going to shift over to mid class segment and want to mass market their product. LG MARKET location SRATEGY * With the tagline Lifes Good ,LG positioning is to differentiate their products on the basis of technology which appealed to the consumer on the basis of health benefits. * With the tagline Lifes Good its corporate philosophy to make peoples live s better, convenient and healthier. * Their positioning strategy is technologically intelligent and futuristic. As they are in upper and premium segment, so they are featuring that their brand is young, vibrant and premium. * They are talking about the value and changing lifestyles in their positioning strategy. LG PRODUCT RANGE LG refrigerators are divided into three categories - 1. Single door refrigerators 2. Double door refrigerators 3. Side by side refrigerators Different models available under each category are - 1. SINGLE DOOR REFRIGERATORS (price range varies from9400 to 15800 Rs) * 27O Lts GL- 281 (3models) * 235 LTS GL -245 (5models) * 215 LTS GL 225 (4 models) amp models ) 185 LTS GL 195 (6 models) 2. DOUBLE DOOR REFRIGERATORS (price range varies from 14750 to 60900 Rs) * 604 LT GR M712YSQ * 559 LT GR B652YSP * 491 LT GL 548 (2) * 466 LT GL 528 (3) * 422 LT GL 478 (2) * 390 LT GL 405 (2) amp GL 408 (2) * 350 LT GL 365 (2) amp GL 368 (3) * 320 LT GL 335 (4) amp 338 (2) * 290 LT GL 305 (3) amp GL308 (2) * 260 LT GL 27 (2), GL 275 (3) amp GL 278 * 240 LT GL258 (3), GL 255 (3) amp GL 254 3. SIDE-BY-SIDE REFRIGERATOR ( price range varies from 58000 to 175000 Rs) * 721 LT GR P267BTB * 693 LT GR P247JHM/ CSP 567 LT GCP227 (3) * 581 LT GCB21 (2) * 567 LT GC L217 (2) MARKET CHALLENGER (WHIRLPOOL) STRATEGY With 25% market share whirlpool is the Market challenger for the refrigerator Market courses international out brass was initiated in 1958 when it entered Brazil, but it was the 80s that marked the beginning of spin arounds aggressive strategy to be a world-wide competitor. India was identified as a growth market in late 80s when Whirlpool Corporation entered into a joint venture reason with TVS group to produce automatic washers at a plant set up in Pondicherry.This was a modest beginning was made to establish the Whirlpool brand in India. In 1995 Whirlpool Corporation acquired Kelvinator of India Limited and entered into the Refrig erator market in India. In late 1995 majority ownership was gained in the TVS joint venture and the two entities were merged to form Whirlpool of India Limited in 1996. Housewives The advertising tagline is Your magic in Homemaking, which inspires the Indian housewife to buy its product. 6th mind cooling 6th sense cooling is the patent technology of whirlpool, with which it is stressful to capture market share of the Indian refrigerator market.Economy Whirlpool has understood Indian market very virtually and has been launching products as per the requirement of the customer from different segments. Whirlpool segmented the market in the main on the basis of price and capacity. Price has been kept keeping the needs and wants of the customer and product is designed such that it is feasible to every customer. Whirlpool has segmented its refrigerators under three segment WHIRLPOOL MARKET SEGMENTATION a)Geographic segmentation Region all metro cities and suburbs areas. b) Demographic s egmentation Family size 1-2, 3-4, 5+ Gender male, female.Income 1,50,000Rs and above. Social class working class, middle class and upper middle class. c)Psychographic segmentation Lifestyle culture oriented d)Behavioural segmentation Occasions festivals and regular occasions. Benefits quality, service, economically viable Loyalty status none, medium, strong, absolute. Readiness stage unaware, aware, interested, desirous, intending to buy. WHIRLPOOL MARKET TARGETING STRATEGY * Whirlpool through its advertisements has been trying to target the housewives, trying to portray as a partner in shellmaking. Hence, the prime target consumer for Whirlpool is Housewives. Whirlpool main targeting strategy is to provide economically viable household products. * They are also targeting in terms of capacity and usage nature of the consumers. Like they have different refrigerators for consumers with requirements of not very big capacities, i. e. Households, Small Shopkeepers and Bachelors etc, th en different refrigerators for the middle class consumers who has average do of income to dispose and different for the upper class or high class consumers, which includes people with high income and also industries which requires storage capacity of more than 310 Lts.WHIRLPOOL MARKET POSITIONING STRATEGY Whirlpool has been trying to position itself as partner in homemaking. This has been pretty much evident from the advertisements of Whirlpool. Whirlpools advertising tagline is Your magic in Homemaking. This is Whirlpools advertising tagline. Whirlpools earlier tagline was You amp Whirlpool. The worlds best homemakers. It has been evolved to reflect the changed homemaker of today versus the yesteryears. Through Whirlpools intensive consumer research Whirlpool found that todays homemaker believes in having everything perfect at home and takes pride in having achieved itShe has begun to look for that something exceptional, something additional in all the brands she chooses to help her achieve that. Whirlpool, as the brand that partners to this demanding homemaker of today, call this quality of hers as magic and wish to be the home appliance brand that helps her create her magic in homemaking. Hence the new tagline Yours magic in the homemaking. MARKET FOLLOWER (GODREJ) SRATEGY The Godrej have always believed in the innovation. It has always emphasized on the development of new technologies. It invests large amount of its time and brawniness in RampD.It goal towards strengthening its presence in the market by introducing higher performance refrigerators for providing maximum benefit to consumers. The follower, Godrej is an adapter while following the leaders in the market. It has imitated the commercial refrigeration proficiency i. e. , direct cooling from the leader of the market but on the other hand it is the Indias first complete range of refrigerators with 5 Star Energy Rating. By launching an entire range of 5 Star Rated Refrigerators, it has raised th e bar on product efficiency while delivering the best monetary value for the consumers.Thus it is successfully and efficiently moving towards its goal. Godrej marketing segmentation a)Geographic segmentation Region all metro cities and suburbs areas. b) Demographic segmentation Family size 1-2, 3-4, 5+ Gender male, female. Income 1,50,000Rs and above. Social class working class, middle class and upper middle class. c) Psychographic segmentation Lifestyle culture oriented d) Behavioural segmentation Occasions festivals and regular occasions. Benefits service, economically viable Loyalty status none, medium, strong, absolute.Readiness stage unaware, aware, interested, desirous, intending to buy. GODREJ TARGETING STRATEGY Godrej produces wide range of refrigerators to cater to the different demands of different type of users. In each category, it produces large number of models. individually model has different features and different capacities. While purchasing a refrigerator, determ ine your requirements and preferences. Godrej refrigerators are designed to have very attractive looks and designs. They have very silken and stylish frame. They can fit into even small flats and homes.These refrigerators are available in various colors, styles and sizes. Apart from exterior designing, the interior of the Godrej refrigerators is designed ergonomically to offer great convenience of use, so they are targeting middle and working class customers who desires stylish yet economically viable products. They have also introduced 5 star energy rating, it is the first complete range of refrigerators with five star rating. Therefore, they are taking steps toward energy saving and providing more economically viable products, by enough environment friendly.GODREJ POSITIONING STRATEGY The tagline of Godrej is Brighter Living. Godrej says that the only thing cooler than our fridges is the Kulfi we stash in our freezers. With several firsts swivel, a humidity jog dial, freezer ai r-current design Godrej refrigerators have not only stood the test time they have also run head to head in the race with modernity. Godrej EON fridges are available in a host of dashing colors to go with decor and mood. There are polybag suspenders to hang up veggies in fridge.So every day, they are trying to make the world brighter place, with their services and also cooler. Therefore, goes with their tagline brighter living. MARKET NICHER (HAIER) STRATEGY It is quality price specialist as Haier operates at the highest end of the market. Haiers strategy mainly concentrates on their constant efforts towards internationalization. Several Chinese manufacturers who entered India priced their products low by compromising on quality, thinking that Indian consumers preferred to buy low priced irrespective of their quality.This gave Indian consumers the impression that anything made in China would be cheap and of poor quality, but Haier break this Indian mentality by introducing high pric e product for upper premium class only, not compromising on the terms of quality. HAIER MARKET SEGMENTATION a)Geographic segmentation Region all metro cities and urban areas. b) Demographic segmentation Family size 1-2, 3-4, 5+ Gender male, female. Income 8,00,000Rs and above. Social class upper middle class, Upper lower class and upper-upper class. c) Psychographic segmentation Lifestyle culture oriented ) Behavioral segmentation Occasions festivals and regular occasions. Benefits service, quality oriented. Loyalty status strong, absolute. Readiness stage unaware, aware, interested, desirous, intending to buy. HAIER TARGETING STRATEGY Their targeting strategy is more customer-oriented. Haier understands the consumer needs better and reflects that in consumer offerings. It is a manifestation of todays young couples lifestyle which connotes speed, style and togetherness. It targets upper premium segment by manufacturing wine coolers in the society.It is the niche segment in the India n society as the use of the wines in the Indian houses is very less. Only few (very small in number as compared to the market) use the wines and thus Haier in the wine cooler segment caters the need of the only those customers that manufactures wine coolers (which are very few in the total with a particular unique demand) thus they are serving the niche segment. Hence their targeting strategy is to target upper premium segment. HAIER POSITIONING STRATEGY Life is very involving and everyday it offers you new challenges.Haier has peeped into life and come up with ideas that make living enjoyable and joyous. The main brand Idea was that Haier products are Inspired by Life this is now expressed as Inspired Living. There is also another perspective on Inspired Living. All Haier products are the result of closely studied actual usage patterns of home appliances, i. e. , inspired by everyday life. For example, Haier was the first to launch a Bottom Mounted Refrigerator in the country. It is base on a simple insight that refrigerator shelves are used far more often than the freezer shelf.So Haier has put the freezer at the bunghole and refrigerator racks at convenient heights, so that you dont have to bend your back frequently. As a late entrant into the category, Haier understands the consumer needs better and reflects that in consumer offerings. This is how they write the positioning statement Haier is better than all other brands for easy adopters because it offers them benefits that help them lead a better life as a result of our endeavour to understand life better and work technology around it.

Piano and Drums Poem Analysis Essay

In Gabriel Okaras poem, Piano and Drums, Okara expresses his feelings and thoughts of a rough club in rail line to a western society. Being an African himself, and having studied in a western society, the poem reflects the confusion in his emotions as well as the loss of self-identity. The act of the poem itself, Piano and Drums displays a mother wit of dissimilarity and contrast as the instruments are so unalike in terms of sophistication. throughout the entire poem, Okara incorporates the instruments to still express, through music, how the vocaliser is feeling.By using well-structured stanzas and poetic devices such as ensurery, symbolism, sensory detail, somebodyification, and diction, Okara is able to immerse the readers into the difficulties of cultural conflict and the confusion of a person in the midst of the two contrasting societies. Some of the just about important poetic devices utilized in this poem by Okara are imagery and symbolism. Throughout the progression of the poem, there is a constant use of images to assist in displaying Okaras conflicting emotions about the two separate worlds.The title of the poem, Piano and Drums intelligibly displays the symbols that are used in the poem. In expressing views of his native culture compared to Western culture, Okara uses the jungle drums (2) to appoint the African culture and does the same with the wailing diffuse (17) to represent Western culture. These symbols are used peculiarly because of the complexity of the instruments. Being such a simply crafted instrument, with just a resonance chamber and animal skin, the jungle drums are a good symbol to signify the African vivification.On the contrary, with the piano being such a complex instrument with many components set up it together to create much variety of strait, it is distinct that it embodies the Western life genius. In consideration of these symbols, the vocaliser unit implements more imagery to further display the contrast in the midst of the two symbols and emphasize the disorientation the speaker is enduring. Therefore, in order to execute his use of imagery successfully, he proceeds further by making a choke contrast between the images of a sophisticated society in contrast to a primitive society.For example, beginning the poem with, when at break of twenty-four hour period at a riverside (1) the speaker is able to communicate to the readers that there is a sense of a beginning of a natural life. It as well as shows that the speaker is trying to convey that there is new civilization, as in the past, rivers have been the starting point of a developing civilization. In the same stanza, the speaker displays natural images of the jungle drums being like bleeding flesh (4). By implementing such primeval pictures, the poet is aiding the readers to make a connection between the drums and the rawness of the instrument and where it originates.Additionally, in the first stanza, there is role to predat or-like animals for example, the panther ready to pounce (6), the leopard snarling about to leap (7), and the hunters crouched with spears poised (8). All these predatory images of wild animals are symbols to portray instinctive, primal deportment which show the aspects of African culture that focus on survival and a natural lifestyle. Furthermore, the poet continues the idea of the drums symbolizing African culture in the second stanza through implementing more imagery. An example in this stanza is of the blood rippling, turning torrent (9).This image of blood flowing and turning into streams refers back to the raw, primitive tone of the poem as the image of blood makes readers infer hunting and survival. In the next lines of the stanza, Okara includes an image of the speaker in his mothers lap a suckling (11). This image of a mother feeding her young is extremely naturalistic and shows the ingenuousness of African life as well as the simplistic focussing of life. However, reader s are particularly able to use this image to surmise that the speakers comfort lies in his mothers lap and his motherland.Despite the primitiveness and rawness, the speaker reminisces on his childhood and the pledge of being with his mother. This idea of missing his homeland is further sustained in the image of simple/paths with no innovations (12/13). The choice of the expression simple describes the ease the speaker feels in his homeland as there are no complex advancements or difficulties to deal with. Also, the simple paths are concomitant with the Africans primary focus on basic survival as staying alive is their only concern in life.The speaker feels fashioned with the naked/warmth (14/15) which is another example of the unsophisticated, primordial style of African culture as the image shows a bare person. Yet, even though they are unclothed, they still feel the warmth of their body suggesting their healthiness and livingness which is the most important to them. In complete contrast, the third stanza portrays the piano as a symbol to exemplify Western culture as being sophisticated, complex, and intricate which is also portrayed through additional images.However, despite the usual thinking of sophistication being praised, the speaker, in this case, puts Western culture in a detrimental fair which is presented through the music of the piano. When first introducing the piano, it is described as a wailing piano (17) which gives the readers an image of a disturbing, crying baby that is an annoyance to the ears. This is in contrast to the speakers views of the mystic sound of the drums which the speaker views as a simple, but magical instrument.Also, the fact that the piano is playing a solo (18) displays the independence, individuality, and the selfishness of the good deal in the Western world. In addition, the far-away lands/and new horizons (20/21) illustrate the distance at which the speaker feels he is with the Western society. As the speaker feels so close to his root and his native land, the Western society is foreign to him and, therefore, feels far away and distant. The new horizons just further emphasize the alienation he feels to be in that kind of culture where there are constant innovations and discoveries being made.This isolation is also expressed through the image of the speaker being lost in the internal ear (23). Once again, the complexity of the labyrinth reflects onto the speakers view of the complexity of the Western world. However, as he feels lost in the labyrinth, it shows that he is not fit into the society and feels uncomfortable. This especially contrasts with the comfort he feels in his mothers lap in the second stanza. To add, in the last line, the word daggerpoint (25) strikes out to readers as the image of the dagger is strong.Even though the speaker displays the violence of the African natives, readers get the sense of the speaker viewing the Western society to be more violent in the sense that Af ricans kill animals to stay alive, but Western people use violence against other human beings which is unacceptable. Although, because of the primitive lifestyle, it seems to be that the Africans are more violent, in actuality, the speaker believes that Western people are more predatorial. To conclude, Okara uses imagery and symbolism to express the speakers feelings towards African culture in comparison to Western culture.Another important poetic device that Okara integrates into his poem, Piano and Drums is sensory detail, and in particular, sound. The use of sound helps to develop the images, but to also express musically, the emotions he feels in regard to then two contrasting cultures. For instance, in the first stanza, the speaker hears the sound of jungle drums telegraphing/the mystic rhythm, urgent (2/3). The use of the sound coincides with the use of imagery yet the sound of the drums and the mystic rhythm lures the readers into the poem and assists them in hearing the rawn ess of the drums and also sets a jungle-like atmosphere to the poem.To show the contrast, this mystic sound that lures the readers in, contrasts with the speakers interpretation of the sound of the wailing piano solo. Wailing already gives a negative image of the sound, and throughout the whole stanza, all the readers can think about is the annoying sound of the piano. The sounds that the piano makes are elaborated with coaxing diminuendo, counterpoint,/ increase. (22/23). When the diminuendo occurs, the word coaxing allows for the readers hear the piano at a distance yet when the counterpoint enters, the other melody interferes and becomes more confusing to the ears.Just when the confusion intensifies, the crescendo makes the piano get meretriciouser and harsher to bear. All of the sounds combined and the melodies playing at different times is bewildering to the speaker and essentially causes him to feel lost. This relates to the idea that the Western society is too complex for t he speaker to handle and, thus, with everything that is happening at once, the speaker cannot handle it. As a result, the Western culture is not viewed in laid-back regards to the speaker which is translated to the reader through the sounds.Lastly, in the final stanza, the clash of the piano and the drums is revealed through the line the mystic rhythm of jungle drums and concerto (28/29). When the two sounds are laid next to each other, it sounds like a cluster of noise which explains why the speaker feels lost in the morning mist (26). The percussion of the drums and the melody of the piano concerto are such contrasting sounds that it is evident that the speaker wants to distinguish the difference between the two cultures. Therefore, through the usage of sounds in the poem, Okara helps to establish the speakers feelings towards the two different cultures.Not only is sensory detail an important literary device, but personification in Piano and Drums helps to express the speakers a ttitude and feelings towards the African culture and the Western culture. The first example of personification is groping hearts/in green leaves (15/16) which is soon followed by wild flowers nervous impulse (16). The idea of the groping hearts show how united the African natives are with nature and life around them. By personifying the heart, it makes it come alive and truly connects to life and shows the primary concern for the Africans survival.Just after the reference to the heart with the green leaves, the roles switch and this time the flowers are pulsing. This further accentuates the extent to which nature and life fall in in the lives of the Africans which demonstrates the great significance and preciousness of their lives. On the other hand, the personification of the tear-furrowed concerto (19) exhibits a different effect on the readers. The concerto, or the sound produced by the piano, is given over the characteristic of being crumpled in tears. It is compared to a hu man face that is crying and leaving wrinkles.This negative image expresses to the readers that the piano is miserable and suppressed. Once again, the reference to the piano is put in a negative light and made to look despondent. Another personification of the piano is the wailing piano (17). It is compared to a hysterical, loud cry which again shows the suppressed and unhappy state that it is feeling. Perhaps the speaker feels as though the Western culture is unable to bleed out and be close to nature, so they are deprived from the rawness of life and, consequently, feels sad.Evidently, the use of personification in this poem, stresses the difference between the two cultures as well as the way in which the speaker feels about it. In final analysis, through the use of the poetic devices imagery, symbolism, sensory detail, personification, and diction, the concept of the piano and drums being two separate cultures was accent and contrasted throughout the poem to show the conflict bet ween cultures as well as the feelings of disorientation a person dealing with both would feel. In theend, it was clear that the speaker is still baffled and confused as to how he would accept both cultures and make it so that there is no conflict between the two. Yet, the sense of isolation and separation is distinct in the speaker as he endures a journey through two cultures that are on opposite poles of each other. Despite the sadness and confusion in the poem, the readers feel that they can empathize well with the speaker because of the well-detailed portrayal of the speakers emotions, particularly the piano and the drums. battle cry count 2,094

Macbeth William Shakespear Essay

The tragedy Macbeth written by William Shakespeare portrays Macbeth as a man who was at one time a great hero, that falls victim of his ambition for index finger. This ambition is bucket alongd by factors including maam Macbeth, the witches prophecies and the offense and remorse felt by Macbeth in regards to the deed he was to commit. These are the factors that contribute to the downfall of Macbeth. Lady Macbeth is characterized as an ambitious woman who can manipulate Macbeth easily. This is shown in (Act 1 Scene 5 stress 25) when she says That I may pour my spirits in thine ear. She manipulates his self esteem by playing with his masculinity and his brain truth.Lady Macbeth feels she does non have the strength to commit the deed herself and therefore becomes successful in altering Macbeths ambitions. She says unsex me here (Act 1 Scene 4 line 39) meaning that she could never have to federal agency of power and rank that she pushes Macbeth to strive for. Through the laguage technique of Euphemisms, Shakespeare shows that Lady Macbeth has difficulty coping and facing reality. An face of this is the text is referring to the massacre of King Duncan as ? the deed. Lady Macbeth describes the action of murdering King Duncan through the words to snaffle the nearest way.The use of this euphemism to describe the action of killing Duncan can be seen as though she is move to hide the harsh imagery of blood and violence in the action of murder. This is an example of Lady Macbeths diminishing sense of conscientiousness. The composer also uses vulgar language to express Lady Macbeths character. She says Screw your courage to the viscid place in order to further manipulate Macbeth. Shakespeare uses the three witches to set the dark sinister tone of the play. They tally fates, who sinisterly manipulate human lives and subsequently end them.Sakespeare creates a mysterious and ominous atmosphere, indicating that Fair is back up and foul is fair which suggests a change of values. And oftentimes, to win us to our harm,The instruments of darkness tell us truths. (Act 1, Scene 3, Lines 134 & 135) The resemblance of the witches to instruments of darkness reveals their truly foul nature. Shakespeare is implying through Banquo that the prophecies of the weird sisters will only bring ab come forth Macbeths downfall. In addition, since Macbeth listens to the witches, he can be considered an instrument of darkness himself.The witches prophecies are very powerful in their employment of Macbeth. Through equivocation, the composer expresses the theme of appearance vs real by making the Witches prophecies appear to be a well thing to Macbeth but in reality, they trick him into damning himself. The witches speak in rhyming couplets throughout the play, which separates them from the early(a) characters. In act 1 scene 3 the witches greet Macbeth as Thane of Glamis, Thane of Cawdor and as King of Scotland. This prognostication leads Macbeth to genuine ly think about being in control and having power.The audience views the witches as evil, having the capability of dramatis personae terrible events. However the witches can non force Macbeth to do anything that he does not want to do. They merely revealed the future and chose to acquaint Macbeth at a time when he is most vulnerable, after the battle where he is feeling very proud of his achievements. Consequently, the witches certainly did have a role to play in Macbeths downfall, but if Macbeth had been more concerned with morality and ethics and less concerned about having power, control, and becoming king, he would have unheeded the witches prophecy.Prior to the murder of King Duncan, Macbeth is plagued by worry and almost aborts the crime. It is in Macbeths soliloquy, where the audience is made awake of Macbeths uncertainty about whether or not he should go through with the murder. Is this a dagger which i see before me The handle toward my hand? Come, let me clutch thee (A ct 2 Scene 1 lines 41 42) This extract shows how Shakespeare explores the theme of good and evil and how Macbeth is torn between the forces of good preventing the deed, and the forces of evil which seem to be aiding him in his crime.In this scene, Macbeth also says A dagger of the mind, a false creation Proceeding from the wake up oppressed brain? . Macbeth wonders if this vision of the dagger comes from his feverish mind. He also decides that he is imagining things. He is not able to distinguish reality from imagination. It is obvious that Macbeth would like to think that the dagger is imaginary, but the guilt he feels at the thought of committing the evil deed is enough to make him think the dagger is real.Although the murder has not yet taken place, Macbeth starts to feel guilt and remorse and is concerned of the consequences that may occur if he does murder King Duncan. His weakness is valuating ambition meaning that following the deed, Macbeth will suffer the consequences. Th e appearance of blood on both(prenominal) the hands on Macbeth and Lady Macbeth is an image that represents the guilt and fear of their brutal crime. In the use of personification, Macbeth imagines that the stones of the fastness are alive and talking. His fearful imagination makes him afraid that the stones on which he walks will speak out and give him away, following the deed.Perhaps the turning point of the novel in which Macbeth kills Banquo his loyal friend payable to the paranoia felt after the deed had been committed. Shakespeare uses an aside to express how Macbeths character begins to deteriorate. This aside is crucial because it foreshadows future events to come. get a line not my steps, which way they walk, for fear This text shows how the composer has used various language techniques such as commas and punctuation to break up the phrases into regular patterns, creating dramatic effect.Shakespeare also uses irony to show how it is ironic that Macbeths quest for power and happiness would leave him weak and alone. Shakespeare uses this variety of techniques to portray how insanity had finally take oer Macbeth and pushed him over the edge. In conclusion, it is evident that Macbeth is an ambitious man who is corrupted by the power he gains. The key influences that induce Macbeth into a down spiral are lady Macbeth, the witches prophecies and his own feelings of guilt. In the end it is Macbeths tragic flaw, spring ambition, which leads to his downfall.

Benefit of Smoking

realize OF SMOKING 1. dope abases risk of knee-replacement operating theater While bulletrs might go broke buying a pack of fairys, they can at least save money by avoiding knee-replacement surgery. Surprising results from a unexampled study receive revealed that men who smoke had less risk of undergoing total joint replacement surgery than those who never smoked. The study, from the University of Adelaide in Australia, appears in the July issue of the diary Arthritis & Rheumatism. What could be the connection? Knee-replacement surgery was more ballpark among joggers and the obese smokers rarely jog and they are less correspondingly to be morbidly obese.After controlling for age, pack and exercise, the researchers were at a loss to explain the apparent, albeit slight protective effects of smoking for osteoporosis. It could be that the nicotine in tobacco helps prevent cartilage and joint deterioration. 2. sess lowers risk of Parkinsons disease Numerous studies hasten id entified the uncanny inverse relationship between smoking and Parkinsons disease. Long-term smokers are some manner protected against Parkinsons and its not because smokers die of some other topics earlier. The most recent, well-conducted study was published in a March 2010 issue of the journal Neurology.Far from determining a cause for the protective effect, these researchers found that the bet of years spent smoking, more so than the number of cigarettes smoked daily, mattered more for a stronger protective effect. Harvard researchers were among the firstly to provide convincing evidence that smokers were less likely to develop Parkinsons. In a study published in Neurology in March 2007, these researchers found the protective effect wanes after smokers quit. And they concluded in their special scientific way that they didnt have a clue as to why. 3. sess lowers risk of obesity Smoking and, in particular, the nicotine in tobacco smoke is an inclination suppressant. This ha s been known for centuries, dating back to indigenous cultures in America in the pre-Columbus era. Tobacco companies caught on by the 1920s and began targeting women with the lure that smoking would make them thinner. A study published in the July 2011 issue of the journal Physiology Behavior, in fact is one of many stating that the unavoidable weight gain upon quitting smoking is a major barrier in getting people to stop, help only to addiction.The relationship between smoking and weight control is complex Nicotine itself acts as both a stimulant and appetite suppressant and the act of smoking triggers behavior modification that prompts smokers to snack less. Smoking in any case might make food less tasty for some smokers, further curbing appetite. As an appetite suppressant, nicotine appears to act on a part of the brain called the hypothalamus, at least in mice, as revealed in a study by Yale researchers published in the June 10, 2011 issue of the journal Science. No respecta ble secure would recommend smoking for weight control, given the venomous baggage accompanying cigarettes.This recent Yale study, however, does offer an gleam of hope for a safe diet drug to help obese people control their appetites. 4. Smoking lowers risk of death after some heart attacks Compared with non-smokers, smokers who have had heart attacks seem to have lower mortality rates and more favorable responses to two kinds of therapy to remove face from their arteries fibrinolytic therapy, which is basically medication and angioplasty, which removes the brass section by inserting balloons or stents into the arteries. Theres a catch, though.The reason why smokers have heart attacks is that smoke scars the arteries, allowing fat and plaque to build up in the first place. So, one theory as to why smokers do damp than non-smokers after such therapies is that they are younger, experiencing their first heart attack approximately 10 years forward the non-smoker. A study published in an August 2005 issue of the American Heart Journal, however, states that age only is not enough to fully explain the survival differences and that the smokers paradox is alive and well. No alternative theories have been put forth since. 5. Smoking helps the heart drug clopidogrel work betterClopidogrel is a drug used to quash blood clots for those patients suffering from coronary artery disease and other circulatory diseases leading to strokes and heart attacks. Smoking seems to help clopidogrel do its job better. A study by Korean researchers in the October 2010 issue of the journal Thrombosis Research builds upon work by Harvard researchers published in 2009 that demonstrates the benefit of smoking at least 10 cigarettes a day. It seems that something in cigarette smoke activates certain proteins called cytochromes, which convert clopidogrel into a more active state.Again, no respectable doctor is encouraging patients to start smoking to get the most out of clopidogrel. But this and the other four benefits of smoking reveal how tobacco perhaps not unlike other potentially toxic plants might contain certain chemicals of real therapeutic value. 6. Smoking Relieves Stress This is the most common thing you hear from smokers about the benefits of smoking. This is because cigarettes create a myriad of conditions that help the body deal with anxiety, attempt, and depression. 7. Smoking Relaxes Your BreathingThe way you breathe when you smoke helps your body relax and placid down. For people who have panic attacks or stress problems, Doctors recommend patients practice a sort of breathing called relaxation breathing. Among other things, it involves taking a cabalistic breath into the lungs and holding it in for a second or two before exhaling. This is exactly like the act of smoking. This kind of breathing slows your heart rate and relieves tension in your muscles, especially your neck and hurrying back, which tense up in stressful situations. 8. Outsid e Smoke Breaks Calm You DownIf you go outside for smoke breaks, this simple act can really help you deal with your stress. Say if youre in a fight with your spouse or close to the deadline on a major project for work, leaving the home plate or office to step outside for a smoke break helps you deal with the stress. * You get a break from your stressor * You get into the open and fresh air * You leave the stressful environment * You have epoch to think about your problems from an objective point of view * The nature and sky outside helps your mind calm down and relax 9.Nicotine is an Anxiety and Depression Medication The nicotine in cigarettes is also a major factor in of stress relief. Nicotine is a chemical which mildly and temporarily stops the feelings of anxiety and depression. After an inhale of cigarette smoke, the nicotine reacts in your brain chemistry within seven seconds. Nicotine makes the brain feel better, and stops the chain answer anxiety and depression can have w ithin the brain. It is no surprise that 1/3 of nicotine addicts introduce to have depression or anxiety problems. Cigarettes are a great form of self medication.